The story of rise and fall in the subcontinent

 The story of rise and fall in the subcontinent

India (subcontinent) was a vast country. So big that it was called a small continent. Its coastline was five thousand miles. The land boundary will be six thousand miles. In the north, the Himalayas stretched for fifteen hundred miles. The Heachal divide divided India into two parts. India continued to attract foreigners due to its fertility. For centuries, the civilization of southern nations continued to influence northern India. The descendants of the invading nations are still scarcely visible across the Bandhia Chal than in northern India. Of different nations

By coming here, a set of different civilizations developed in India. Every civilization after influencing India was itself influenced by another civilization. In the Neolithic era, there were two nations living in India, the memory of which remains in the Nilgiri hills till today. After that the Kol and Bhil nations made India their home. Centuries later, the Dravidians pushed these nations to the south. The Kol Dravidas were short in stature, dark in complexion and had flat noses. The Dravidas initially settled in North India but were treated by the Aryas in the same manner as the Dravidians had treated the Kols and Bhils. The Aryans expelled the Dravidians from North India. He moved to South India. Today the Dravidians are the majority in South India. Their languages are different from Hindi Aryan languages. In North India, the Dravidians had reached the stage of civilisation. Their culture was similar to the Sumerian culture. The excavations of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro have shown us the greatness of their civilization. The civilization of these cities will flourish in the embrace of centuries. Side by side with the civilizations of Egypt, Iraq and Iran, the Dravidian civilization is also seen in the form of ruins of its tradition and greatness. Mohenjo-daro and Harappa had gained fame centuries before the arrival of the Aryans. The civilization of Sindh and Punjab was in no way behind the contemporary civilization of Egypt and Iraq. The people of these cities knew how to weave cotton cloth. There were bathrooms in the houses. The houses of the citizens were very tall and clean. Their religion was similar to that of the Egyptians and Sumerians. 

Aryas entered India from North India about 1500 BC ie 1500 years before Jesus. Those who drank Soma rasa which was a kind of liquor that made the eyes shine. Aryas came from Central Asia to India by walking barefoot. The fair-colored seventh-nosed, long nose, which came from Central Asia after seeing the fertility of India. The Aryas who ate horse meat and drank mare's milk were brave and courageous. 

From the history of ancient India (sub-continent), it is known that the ancient inhabitants of the sub-continent were of short stature and dark complexion. Arya and Rajput tribes from Central Asia attacked them and were victorious against them. 

He then forced all the natives to convert to their religion through religious coercion and violence, and along with that he introduced the caste system. 

Along with the arrival of the Aryans or before them, the Mongol nations also entered India from the passes of North East India, Burma, Bengal, Assam. Aryas entered by way of north-west India. In North India they conquered Punjab after fighting the Dravidians for centuries. From Punjab they reached the Ganga valley. Where the politics and civilization of the Aryas reached its peak. A great Arya Empire was founded in Magadha. Gautama Buddha appeared during the Magadha Empire. Gautama Buddha was born in the Himalayan state of Kapil Vastu. Buddha rebelled against all the evils of his time. His religion was for the people in the language of the people. 

One of the teachings of Gautama Buddha is remembered in Matric 1965. 

The world is a house of sorrows. Suffering arises from desires

King Sara of Iran captured some areas of Sindh and Punjab. Alexander also visited India in 336 BC. Porus countered this. Leaving Alexander Dal, the Greek forces returned from the banks of Jhelum and Beas. Alexander had to go back with the desire to conquer Patliputra. Greek civilization influenced North India. After the departure of Alexander, a few Ragput Mauryas rose from the Punjab. His minister Chanakya's Arthashastra is probably the first book on disciplined government. The reign of Emperor Ashoka of the Maurya dynasty is full of public welfare works. After the collapse of the Mauryan Empire, India did not have a central government for five years. During this period, the Saka and Uchi nations invaded India. The most famous king of the Saka nation was Kanishka. During this period there was a conflict between Buddhism and Brahmanism. The Puranas are also a reminder of the same period. The Gupta Empire was established in the 4th century AD. Now Pataliputra replaced Ujjain as the center of India. This period is the period of the highest rise of Brahmanism. Bakar Majit was a ruler of this dynasty. During the rule of the Gupta dynasty, Indian science, arts, industry and knowledge developed well. Trade relations between India and Rome were established. People from South India established their colonies in Java and Sumatra. After the fall of the Gupta dynasty, India again fell victim to foreign invaders. Today, the White Hun nation conquered northern India, destroyed Taxila, and the ruins are still there today. Jats and Gujjars were famous tribes of this nation. Maher Gul was a famous king of the Han nation. He used to watch the elephants die by dropping them from the hills and was happy. In the 7th century, Harshavardhana tried to unify India. Hyun Sang brings us its rhymes. Although Harshvardhan was a follower of Buddhism, Brahmanism had gained strength in North India during his time. After the death of Harshavardhana around 600 AD, centralization of India ended. Islam was flourishing in the deserts of Arabia at that time. 

In 712 CE, Muhammad bin Qasim entered Sindh via Dibal, probably from Karachi. He defeated Raja Dahir and reached Multan. But did not create any Islamic state but left a considerable impact on the people of Sindh. The people of Sindh made idols of Muhammad bin Qasim. The majority of the Muslims of the Indian sub-continent consist of those who left Hinduism and adopted Islam. 

After that Mahmud Ghaznavi from Afghanistan and Ghazni launched seventeen attacks on India. 

After that, Muhammad Ghori defeated Raja Jaipal of Lahore and founded a new empire and made one of his slaves, Qutbuddin Aibak, its head. It was the first Islamic state which came to be known as the dynasty of slaves. Request Razia Sultana and Ghiyasuddin Balban were famous Bad Shahs. 

Altamish and Razia Sultana were conquered by the Khaljis. Alauddin Khalji was a famous king. The Khiljis were conquered by the Tughlaq dynasty, Juna Khan Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Feroze Shah Tughlaq were famous kings. 

. During the time of Juna Khan Muhammad Bin Tughluq, the famous traveler Ibn Battuta came to India. And write a lot of information in your travel diary. Feroz Tughluq and Ghiyasuddin Tughlu were famous kings

Mahmud Shah Tughluq was a weak king. Amir Timur's invasion ruined the time of Tughluq dynasty. Delhi was conquered by Timur Ling. And shed rivers of blood in Delhi. Build towers of skulls. Amir Timur did not form a permanent government and left after looting. And Khizr Khan founded the Sadat dynasty. Seeing the weakness of the Syed dynasty, Bahlul Lodhi captured Delhi and founded the Lodhi dynasty. Sikandar Lodhi was the famous king of this dynasty. Sikandar Lodhi settled the city of Agra and made Agra the capital. After Sikandar Lodhi, a weak ruler Ibrahim Lodhi became the king. Babur defeated him in the field of Panipat and founded the Mughal Empire. 

Babur was the son of Umar Sheikh Mirza, the emir of Ferghana state in Central Asia. Babur was twelve years old at the time of his father's death. Dar Badr left Ferghana due to the opposition of his brothers and uncle. Walking barefoot on the rocky mountains, his feet became so stiff that he could not even feel the prick of a thorn. He gathered twelve thousand troops and captured Kabul. Seeing the fertility and wealth of India, he attacked India with an army of twelve thousand. In 1526 AD, he defeated one hundred thousand army of Ibrahim Lodhi in the field of Panipat and founded the Mughal Empire. Defeated Rana Sanga and consolidated his empire. Babur was so brave that he used to pick up two men and run on the wall of the fort. 

Babur was a great anthropologist. Once Babur invited all the government officials. Sher Shah Suri was also included in the invitation. Sher Shah Suri took out the piece of meat lying in front of Babur and cut it with his dagger. After the feast ended, Babur warned his crown prince Humayun to stay away from this person Sher Shah Suri. 

Then Humayun was defeated by Sher Shah Suri. Humayun fled to Iran. When the successors of Sher Shah became weak, with the help of the Iranian king, they again attacked the Syrian ruler and defeated him and became the king. But he died after five years. 

Humayun's son Akbar was twelve years old. His teacher Bairam Khan placed Akbar on the throne under the name of Jalaluddin Akbar and became his patron himself. 

After fifty years of rule, Akbar issued a new religion called Deen Elahi. Jahangir who married Hindu women was born from the womb of a Hindu woman. 

Jahangir sat on the throne after Akbar. Zanjeer Adl is mentioned in Tzak Jahangiri. After that, Shah Jahan became the king. Shah Jahan was fond of building buildings, he is also called the Engineer King. The Taj Mahal Shalimar Bagh and Shah Jahan Mosque of Thatta are worth mentioning. When Shah Jahan fell ill, he made his eldest son Daa Shikoh the crown prince. Aurangzeb Alamgir was fighting the Marathas in the Deccan. When he found out, the battle for the throne started. In which Aurangzeb was victorious. Shah Jahan was imprisoned and defeated his brothers and sat on the throne. He also ruled for fifty years. Badshahi Mosque of Lahore was built by Aurangzeb Alamgir. After his death, his successors became weak, Timur and the Mughals became sluggish because of the mixing of blood. Who produced kings like Muhammad Shah Rangela. Nader Shah also attacked Delhi and looted a lot of wealth. He also took the famous Koh Noor diamond and Takht Taos with him. 

Hanustan, whose wealth legends had been going to Europe since the time of Alexander. 

Vasco da Gama, with the help of an Arab sailor, circumnavigated South Africa and reached Calicut on the coast of India (subcontinent). The people of India welcomed this newcomer with their traditional hospitality. What did Raja Zimoran of Calicut know that the Portuguese, like the legendary Bedouin Ashtar, were anxious to get him out of the tent. The Portuguese set up a factory in Calicut. Three years later a Portuguese fort appeared on the breast of Calicut. A short time later, the Portuguese flag was hoisted on the walls. The Lisbon visitors from Calicut did not hesitate to set fire to the royal palaces of Zimorn. Thank you for the gift of the guest in the service of the table! The Portuguese finally reached the shores of this country. 

In 1492 AD, Columbus went to America in search of India and the new Great America was discovered. 

Australia was also a ship discovered by Don James Cook while completing a circumnavigation of the world. 

The British also came to India for the purpose of trade. Gave some gifts to the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and asked permission for trade. After receiving permission, the East India Company was established in Calcutta. And increasingly, the same East India Company began to hollow out the Mughal Empire. Finally, in the war of independence of 1858, Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last luminary of the Mughal Empire, was sent into exile. And there he died. And the British became masters of the whole of India. Independence was achieved on 14th August 1947. 🌹

Throughout history, many invaders have come and brought something. And they kept going with something. 

The people who existed three thousand years ago now have a lot of interbreeding. Whatever came left its mark. Pure none. Similarly, the Rajputs were not pure. All the attackers continued to contribute. 

The Mughals were not pure either. Babur was a mixture of Genghis and Timur. After that, Akbar Azam married Hindus and Jahangir was a mixture. The ones ahead were even more mixed. The British also contributed. And a new nation came into existence by the name of Anglo-Indian. 

If you look at today's subcontinent, the people of the north-west are white-faced and have seventh noses. Hardly a Pathan is black who is a cross-breed. As you go south, the people will look tanned. There are whites too. And in South India, black and flat noses will be more common. Maybe there is some pulp and wheat. Which will be from crossbreeding. Most of the people in Bengal will have black flat nose. But some beautiful and wheat-colored ones will also be seen. Filmstar Shabnam is an example of this. 

Also in Karachi you will find some people of Abyssinian origin with curly hair called Makrani. Thus all invaders and outsiders made their impact in the subcontinent. 

The attackers kept coming through Khyber. Arya came. Alexander came to the Mongols. Afghan. Lodhi Suri The Mughals sowed their seeds through the route they passed. Who is pure? A man who marries a German and has children. Is it pure? 

If someone marries Norway or England. Give birth to children. Are they pure? There are no mixes. Children can't adjust here. We are all cross breeding new generations. No real one

Centuries have passed. Islam came fourteen hundred years ago. 

But 3000 years ago, Arya came and Alexander also came before Islam, but many invaders came even before Hazrat Jesus (peace be upon him). At that time there was no concept of marriage. All have been found. Good afternoon. what do you think. 😪

What is being made of what is crossed? The mule The cow called from the country. 

Red apple. Yellow apples. Black apples. White apples. 

Now look at the Shimla pepper. Red. Yellow green. blue The purple ones. In the same way, new species are produced by cross-breeding. See blacks and whites crossing over in America Our subcontinent has been under attack from the beginning. Everyone is a mixture. Mughal Babur belonged to two nations. Genghis and Timur preceded him, Akbar married Hindus, Jahangir was a Hindu woman. And going forward, the Mughals were not pure. And the king slackened

Muhammad Shah Rangeela. Bahadur Shah Zafar was not like Babur. Evolution and what happens is the process of evolution. ❤

Our ancestors did not come from Saudi Arabia. Islam came in 610 AD. And it came to us two or three hundred years later, it was believed by the first people to be either Buddhism or Hinduism. Still Taxila-Swat. There are statues and ruins of Buddha in Afghanistan. We have become Muslims from Hindus

Mughal emperors used to build Taj Mahal forts. And the dal is cooked. It would have been spent on this bread. The soldiers who fought in the army also fought for roti dal. There was no concept of salary. Nor is Sunday off. 

During this British period, the convicts were paid on the first day of every month and the employees had one Sunday off in the week. 

All this was told by my father. That they used to earn and eat even during the time of the British and after independence they still earn and eat. And heard the same from elders.